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Rules of Pronoun Reference

Pronoun reference āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āϜাāύাāϰ āφāĻ—ে āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ Pronoun āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āϜাāύāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āύিāϚে Pronoun āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āϏংāĻ•্āώিāĻĒ্āϤ āφāϞোāϚāύা āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϞো।

Noun āĻŦা Noun āϜাāϤীāϝ় āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে Pronoun āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়।

Classification of Pronoun

  • 1. Personal Pronoun( I, we, you, he, she, it, they, me, us, him, her. Them)
  • 2. Demonstrative Pronoun(This, that, such, these, those)
  • 3. Distribution Pronoun(Each, every, either, neither)
  • 4. Indefinite Pronoun(One, some, any, none, both, many)
  • 5. Relative Pronoun(Who, which, what, whom, whose, that, but, the same...as, such. As)
  • 6. Interrogative Pronoun(Who, which, what, whose, whom)
  • 7. Reflexive/Emphatic Pronoun(Myself, himself, herself, yourself, yourselves, themselves)
  • 8. Reciprocal Pronoun(Each other, one another)
  • 1. Personal Pronoun: āϝে Pronoun āĻ•োāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤুুāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ় āϤাāĻ•ে Personal Pronoun āĻŦāϞে। Example: He, She, They etc.
  • 2. Demonstrative Pronoun: āϝে Pronoun āĻ•োāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤুুāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে āĻŦāϏে āωāĻšাāĻ•ে āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻ­াāĻŦে āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰে āϏে Pronoun āĻ•ে Demonstrative Pronoun āĻŦāϞে।
  • Example:

  • 1. This is my book.
  • 2. These are my pens.
  • āωāĻĒāϰেāϰ Sentence āĻ—ুāϞিāϤে This, these Pronoun āĻ—ুāϞি āĻ•āϤিāĻĒāϝ় Noun (book, pens) āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে āĻŦāϏে āϤাāĻĻেāϰāĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে। āϏুāϤāϰাং āχāĻšা Demonstrative Pronoun.

    3. Distribution Pronoun: āϝে Pronoun āĻĻুāχ āĻŦা āϤāϤোāϧিāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤুুāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ•āĻ•ে āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰে āϤাāĻ•ে Distribution Pronoun āĻŦāϞ।

    Example:

  • 1. Each of the boys will get a pen.
  • 2. Either of the two pens will do.
  • 3. Neither of the two pens is good.
  • 4. Everyone of them is present.
  • āĻāĻ–াāύে Each āĻ…āύেāĻ•েāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ•āĻ•ে, Either āĻ“ Neither āĻĻুāϟিāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ•āϟিāĻ•ে āĻāĻŦং Everyone āĻŦāĻšুāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ•āĻ•ে āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦুāĻাāύো āĻšāϝ়েāĻ›ে। āϤাāχ āϤাāϰা Distribution Pronoun।

    Note: Distribution Pronoun āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে Verb Singular āĻšāϝ় āĻāĻŦং āχāĻšাāϰ āϏংāĻ—ে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•āϝুāĻ•্āϤ Noun āĻŦা Pronoun Singular āĻšāϝ়।

    4. Indefinite Pronoun: āĻ•োāύ āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤুুāĻ•ে āύা āĻŦুāĻিāϝ়ে āĻ…āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤুুāĻ•ে āĻŦুāĻāϤে āϝে Pronoun āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ় āϤাāĻ•ে Indefinite Pronoun āĻŦāϞে।

    Example:

  • 1. Some are born genius.
  • 2. None of them helped him.
  • 5. Relative Pronoun: Pronoun āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ–িāϤ āĻ•োāύ Noun āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻŦāϏে āϤাāϰ āϏāĻšিāϤ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ• āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰে āĻāĻŦং āϏে āϏংāĻ—ে āĻĻুāϟি Sentence āĻ•ে āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•āϰে āϤাāĻ•ে Relative Pronoun āĻŦāϞে।

    Example:

  • 1. I saw the fisherman who was catching fish.
  • 2. This is the house Which I want to buy.
  • 6. Interrogative Pronoun: āϝে Pronoun āĻ•োāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āϜিāϜ্āĻžেāϏ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ় āϤাāĻ•ে Interrogative Pronoun āĻŦāϞে।

    Example:

  • 1. What do you want?
  • 2. Who did the work?
  • 3. Whose is this pen?
  • 7. Reflexive Pronoun: Personal Pronoun āĻāϰ āϏংāĻ—ে self or selves āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ•োāύ Pronoun āϝāĻ–āύ Object āĻāϰ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰে āĻāĻŦং āĻĒāĻļ্āϚাāϤে āĻĢিāϰে āĻĒুāύāϰাāϝ় Subject āĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰে āϤাāĻ•ে Reflexive Pronoun āĻŦāϞ।

    Example:

  • 1. He killed himself.
  • 2. She fanned herself.
  • 8. Reciprocal Pronoun: āϝে Pronoun āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻĻুāχ āĻŦা āϤāϤোāϧিāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĒāϰāϏ্āĻĒāϰ āĻŦুāĻাāϝ় āϤাāĻ•ে Reciprocal Pronoun: āĻŦāϞে।

    Example:

  • 1. The two brothers help each other.
  • 2. They love one another.
  • Pronoun Reference

    What is the Pronoun reference?

    Sentence- āĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ Noun Substitute āĻŦা Pronoun āĻ—ুāϞাে āϏāĻ িāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে Antecedent / Noun āĻ…āύুāϝাāϝ়ী āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āϰিāϝ়াāχ Pronoun Reference āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻĒāϰিāϚিāϤ। Sentence- āĻ āϝāĻ–āύ āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• Noun āĻŦা Noun phrase āĻĨাāĻ•ে āϤāĻ–āύ āϝে Noun- āϟিāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে Pronoun āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāĻŦে āϤা āϏāĻ িāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āϚিāĻš্āύিāϤ āĻ•āϰে āωāĻĒāϝুāĻ•্āϤ Pronoun āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāϝ়। āφāĻŦাāϰ āϏāĻŦ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āϝে Noun- āϟিāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে Pronoun āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāĻŦে āĻāĻŽāύāϟিāĻ“ āύāϝ়। āϝāĻĻি āĻ•োāύাে Pronoun āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āωāĻ•্āϤ Noun āĻ•ে āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟāĻ­াāĻŦে (clear) āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰা āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ āύা āĻšāϝ় āϤাāĻšāϞে āϏে Noun- āϟিāϰ āĻĒুāύāϰাāĻŦৃāϤ্āϤি (Repeat) āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে ।

    āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–āϤে āĻšāĻŦে , āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝেāϰ āϝে Noun āĻŦা Noun Phrase āĻ…āύুāϝাāϝ়ী āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤীāϤে Pronoun / Noun āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ় āϏে Noun āĻŦা Noun Phrase- āĻ•ে āĻŦāϞা āĻšāϝ় Antecedent । āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž Antecedent āĻ…āύুāϝাāϝ়ী Pronoun āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়। āύিāϚেāϰ āωāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖāϟি āϞāĻ•্āώ āĻ•āϰুāύ:

    Example:

  • 1. Rahim is a good student. He goes to school every day.
  • āωāĻĒāϰেāϰ Sentence āĻ He āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা Rahim- āĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়েāĻ›ে āĻāĻŦং āϤা āĻĒāϰিāώ্āĻ•াāϰāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦোāĻা āϝাāϚ্āĻ›ে । āϤাāχ āĻ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে pronoun ( He ) - āϟিāϰ āϝāĻĨাāϰ্āĻĨ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়েāĻ›ে। āĻāĻ–াāύে Antecedent āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে Rahim।

    āφāĻŦাāϰ āϞāĻ•্āώ āĻ•āϰুāύ: Rahim and Karim are friends. He is a good boy. But he is a bad boy.

    āωāĻĒāϰে Sentence- āĻ Pronoun (He , he) āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়েāĻ›ে āĻ িāĻ•āχ āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻāĻ—ুāϞাে āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻ•ে (Antecedent) good āφāϰ āĻ•ে (Antecedent) bad āϤা āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟ (clear) āύāϝ় , āĻ…āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟ (unclear)। āϤাāχ āĻāĻ–াāύে Pronoun- āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āϏāĻ িāĻ• āĻšāϝ়āύি। āĻāĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āϞিāĻ–āϤে āĻšāĻŦে:

  • 1. Rahim and Karim are friends. Rahim is a good boy. But Karim is a bad boy.
  • 2. Or Rahim and Karim are friends. Rahim is a good boy. But the other is a bad boy.
  • āϏুāϤāϰাং Sentence- āĻ pronoun- āĻāϰ āĻ āϜাāϤীāϝ় āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰāχ Pronoun reference āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻĒāϰিāϚিāϤ।

    Some Points of Antecedent Pronoun āĻ“ Antecedent āĻ…āĻ™্āĻ—াāĻ™্āĻ—িāĻ­াāĻŦে āϜāĻĄ়িāϤ। Antecedent āĻ›াāĻĄ়া āĻ•োāύাে Pronoun āϝেāĻŽāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āϝাāϝ় āύা āϤেāĻŽāύি unclear / faulty pronoun reference- āĻāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে Antecedent āĻ…āύুāϝাāϝ়ী āĻāĻ•āϟা āϏুāϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟ āĻ“ āϏāĻ িāĻ• Pronoun āĻŦāϏাāύাে āĻāĻ•াāύ্āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়ােāϜāύ । āĻ āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝে Antecedent- āĻāϰ āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰāĻ—ুāϞাে āϜাāύা āĻ…āϜāĻŦ āϜāϰুāϰি। Antecedent āϏ⧰āϏāĻŽāϝ় Relative pronoun- āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়।

    Example:

  • 1. I know the man who came yesterday.
  • 2. This is the place where I live in Dhaka.
  • Antecedent āĻāϰ Number, Person āĻ“ Gender āĻ…āύুāϝাāϝ়ী Relative Pronoun āĻāϰ Number, Person and Gender āύিāϰ্āϧাāϰিāϤ āĻšāϝ় । Singular Antecedent āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽāϝ় Singular verb āĻāĻŦং Plural antecedent āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽāϝ় Plural verb āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰে ।

    Example:

  • 1. Do you know the boys who are playing in the field?
  • 2. It is you who have got A +.
  • Relative Pronoun- āĻāϰ Antecedent āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে They- āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে Those āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়.

    Example:

  • 1. Those who came here yesterday are my friends.
  • 2. Those who are industrious can shine in life.
  • I/Me/My/Mine/Myself

    āĻŦāĻ•্āϤা āĻŦা āϞেāĻ–āĻ• āϤাāϰ āύিāϜেāĻ•ে āĻŦোāĻাāύোāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ Subject āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে I, Object āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে me, Possessive āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে my/mine, Reflexive āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে myself āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়।

    Example:

  • 1. I think he is honest. (Subject)
  • 2. Don't disturb me. (Object)
  • 3. This is my book. (Possessive)
  • 4. This pen is mine. (Possessive)
  • 5. I help myself. (Reflexive)
  • We / Us / Our / Ours / Ourselves

    āĻŦāĻ•্āϤা āĻŦা āĻļ্āϰোāϤা āϤাāϰ āύিāϜেāĻ•েāϏāĻš āĻ…āύ্āϝāĻĻেāϰāĻ•ে āĻŦোāĻাāύোāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ Subject āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে We, object āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে Us, Possessive āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে Our/Ours, Reflexive āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে Ourselves āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়।

    Example:

  • 1. We have moved to England. (Subject )
  • 2. We will take the dog with us. (Object)
  • 3. Our staple food is rice. (possessive)
  • 4. Their house is very similar to ours. ( Possessive )
  • 5. We shouldn't blame ourselves for what happened. (Reflexive)
  • āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāĻ­াāĻŦে āϞােāĻ•āϜāύāĻ•ে āĻŦােāĻাāύোāϰ āϜāύ্āϝāĻ“ we āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ় ।

    Example:

  • 1. We should take care of our historic buildings. ( People in general )
  • 2. We live on a complex planet. (People in general)
  • You/Your/Yours /Yourself

    āĻļ্āϰোāϤা āĻŦা āĻļ্āϰোāϤাāϰ group āĻŦা āĻĻāϞāĻ•ে āĻŦােāĻাāύােāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ subject āĻ“ object āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে you , possessive āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে your āĻŦা yours āĻāĻŦং reflexive pronoun āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে yourself / yourselves āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ় ।

    Example:

  • 1. You are a good girl. (Subject )
  • 2. I think she told you the matter. (Object)
  • 3. This is your pen. (Possessive)
  • 4. This pen is yours. (Possessive)
  • 5. You have done the mistake yourself. (Reflexive)
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